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Title Taxonomy

Every title is a Person, a Place, or a Thing.

A title is the first story decision an audience encounters, and it tells them more than most writers realize. In the Stop Writing! methodology, I break titles into three root categories: Person, Place, and Thing. Every title you can name falls into one of these buckets — or combines two of the three. Once you see the pattern, you cannot unsee it.

Two concepts matter here. The Lens Character is the character through whose eyes we experience the story — the perspective holder. The Focal Character is the character who captures the most attention, whether or not the story lives inside their head. In JAWS, the Lens Character is Chief Brody. The Focal Character is the shark. The title tells you which one the audience will remember.

The taxonomy below covers the full system from my book. Study the categories. Notice which pattern your own title follows. A title chosen with intention signals a writer who understands their story before the first page.

Sometimes the strongest title is the character's name. “Person” can also refer to any sentient being — creatures, aliens, and other non-humans.

Lens Character Titles

Work best with an unusual name — a word that conjures an image, a name the character adopts, or an odd given name.

Barbie · Donnie Darko · Frasier · Hamilton · Milk · Oppenheimer · Precious · Rocky · Seinfeld · Zoolander

Focal Character Titles

Work best when the Focal character commands the story. The Focal character might be a love interest, a non-human friend, or a foe.

Alien · Amadeus · Annie Hall · Edward Scissorhands · Jaws · King Kong · Lolita · Moby-Dick · Starman · Terminator

Lens & Focal Character Titles

Named after both.

Cagney & Lacey · Harold & Maude · Thelma and Louise · Bonnie and Clyde · Frost/Nixon · Jekyll & Hyde · Kramer v. Kramer · Porgy & Bess · Romeo and Juliet · Will & Grace

Characterization Titles

Describe a Lens character (but sometimes a Focal character) by their key characteristic. It could be the character’s job title or how others perceive them.

The Fugitive · Gladiator · The Godfather · Gone Girl · The History Boys · The Mandalorian · The Martian · The Pillowman · The Princess Bride · The Revenant · Scarface · Veep

Group Characterization Titles

Describe the central cast of characters by their shared key characteristic.

The Americans · The Avengers · Band of Brothers · Bridesmaids · Friends · Goodfellas · The Leftovers · Mad Men · The Simpsons · The Sopranos

Character & Characterization Titles

Pair a name with a defining trait.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer · Citizen Kane · Cool Hand Luke · Good Will Hunting · E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial · The Great Gatsby · House, M.D. · Magnum, P.I. · The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Titles built around a location — real or imagined.

Map Titles

Name a real place — a city, state, or region.

Atlanta · Casablanca · Chernobyl · Chinatown · Clybourne Park · Deadwood · Dunkirk · Fargo · Ozark · Munich · Mystic River

World Titles

Evoke the story’s setting.

30 Rock · Battlestar Galactica · Downton Abbey · The Good Place · Hadestown · Jurassic Park · Moulin Rouge · South Park · Titanic · The West Wing · Westworld

Thing Titles offer the most variety, requiring more discipline on your part.

Internal Titles

Describe the state of mind of the main character(s).

Atonement · Beloved · Curb Your Enthusiasm · Dead to Me · Doubt · Falling Down · Justified · Kill Bill · Misery · Psycho · Vertigo · Up · Wicked

Sensory Titles

Capture mood through poetic imagery and sensory language. The title is a metaphor the audience discovers — or decodes — as the story unfolds.

A Clockwork Orange · A Streetcar Named Desire · The Color Purple · Dances With Wolves · Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless Mind · Gone With the Wind · One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest · Orange Is the New Black · The Shape of Water · The Silence of the Lambs · There Will Be Blood

Systemic Titles

Describe an intangible system, a societal construct, an abstract thought, or an unseen force central to the story.

A Beautiful Mind · The Big Bang Theory · Contact · Damages · Gravity · Inception · Interstellar · The Theory of Everything

Tangible Titles

Describe a physical object representing the story symbol or its theme.

Game of Thrones · Green Book · House of Cards · The Motorcycle Diaries · The Notebook · Pulp Fiction · The Queen’s Gambit · The Shield · The Wire · The X-Files

Thing & Thing Titles

Compare systems, social constructs, or opposing forces.

Crime and Punishment · Crimes & Misdemeanors · Law & Order · Pride and Prejudice · Sense and Sensibility · War and Peace · The Red and the Black · The Sound and the Fury

Time Titles

Reference a specific moment in time, or evoke temporal motion.

1984 · 12 Years a Slave · 127 Hours · Apocalypse Now · Back to the Future · The Day the Earth Stood Still · The Hours · Midnight in Paris · Zero Dark Thirty

Titles that combine two categories — Person + Place, Person + Thing, or Place + Thing.

This and That Titles

Express the relation between any two of the three categories.

Gangs of New York · Mare of Easttown · The Dukes of Hazzard · The Wizard of Oz · The Wolf of Wall Street · Guardians of the Galaxy · Pirates of the Caribbean · Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets · Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone · Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom · Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade · Planet of the Apes · Death of a Salesman · War of the Worlds · Sex and the City · Angels in America · Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

Possessive Titles

Use an apostrophe to connect any two of the three categories.

Bridget Jones’ Diary · Dawson’s Creek · Gilligan’s Island · Jacob’s Ladder · Molly’s Game · Rosemary’s Baby · Schindler’s List · Sophie’s Choice

Titling Titles

Pair an -ING verb with a character name.

Being John Malkovich · Finding Carter · Forgetting Sarah Marshall · Killing Eve · Saving Grace · Saving Private Ryan

Titles Or Subtitles

Two titles separated by the word "Or." A Person title, followed by a separate Place or Thing title.

Birdman: Or the Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance · Dr. Strangelove: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb · The Hobbit, or There and Back Again

Time and Character(ization) Titles

A romcom variant pairing a time element with the characters’ relationship.

(500) Days of Summer · How I Met Your Mother · When Harry Met Sally

Place Thing Titles

Reserved for stories with epic scope.

Star Wars · Star Trek

Go Deeper

You've got the title. Now build the story behind it. Read the book for the full method, or try the Stop Writing! software to put it into practice.